Saturday, November 30, 2019

Joy Luck Club Nationality Essays - Chinatown, San Francisco

Joy Luck Club: Nationality "Hey, Sabrina, are you Japanese or Chinese?" I asked. Her reply, as it seems to be for a lot of minority groups, is, "Neither, I'm Chinese-American." So, besides her American accent and a hyphenated ending on her answer to the SAT questionnaire about her ethnic background, what's the difference? In Amy Tan's enjoyable novel, The Joy Luck Club, about the relationships and experiences of four Chinese mothers and four Chinese-American daughters, I found out the answer to this question. The difference in upbringing of those women born during the first quarter of this century in China, and their daughters born in the American atmosphere of California, is a difference that doesn't exactly take a scientist to see. From the beginning of the novel, you hear Suyuan Woo tell the story of "The Joy Luck Club," a group started by some Chinese women during World War II, where "we feasted, we laughed, we played games, lost and won, we told the best stories. And each week, we could hope to be lucky. That hope was our only joy." (p. 12) Really, this was their only joy. The mothers grew up during perilous times in China. They all were taught "to desire nothing, to swallow other people's misery, to eat [their] own bitterness." (p. 241) Though not many of them grew up terribly poor, they all had a certain respect for their elders, and for life itself. These Chinese mothers were all taught to be honorable, to the point of sacrificing their own lives to keep any family members' promise. Instead of their daughters, who "can promise to come to dinner, but if she wants to watch a favorite movie on TV, she no longer has a promise" (p. 42), "To Chinese people, fourteen carats isn't real gold . . . [my bracelets] must be twenty-four carats, pure inside and out." (p. 42) Towards the end of the book, there is a definite line between the differences of the two generations. Lindo Jong, whose daughter, Waverly, doesn't even know four Chinese words, describes the complete difference and incompatibility of the two worlds she tried to connect for her daughter, American circumstances and Chinese character. She explains that there is no lasting shame in being born in America, and that as a minority you are the first in line for scholarships. Most importantly, she notes that "In America, nobody says you have to keep the circumstances somebody else gives you." (p. 289) Living in America, it was easy for Waverly to accept American circumstances, to grow up as any other American citizen. As a Chinese mother, though, she also wanted her daughter to learn the importance of Chinese character. She tried to teach her Chinese-American daughter "How to obey parents and listen to your mother's mind. How not to show your own thoughts, to put your feelings behind your face so you can take advantage of hidden opportunities . . . How to know your own worth and polish it, never flashing it around like a cheap ring." (p. 289) The American-born daughters never grasp on to these traits, and as the book shows, they became completely different from their purely Chinese parents. They never gain a sense of real respect for their elders, or for their Chinese background, and in the end are completely different from what their parents planned them to be. By the stories and information given by each individual in The Joy Luck Club, it is clear to me just how different a Chinese-American person is from their parents or older relatives. I find that the fascinating trials and experiences that these Chinese mothers went through are a testament to their enduring nature, and constant devotion to their elders. Their daughters, on the other hand, show that pure Chinese blood can be changed completely through just one generation. They have become American not only in their speech, but in their thoughts, actions and lifestyles. This novel has not only given great insight into the Chinese way of thinking and living, but it has shown the great contrast that occurs from generation to generation, in the passing on of ideas and traditions.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

trustee vs delagate essays

trustee vs delagate essays In a democratic government, functions of representation can sometimes become skewed or misunderstood. I will examine the different institutions of government including the legislature, the executive, the bureaucracy, and the courts pointing to their differences in trustee vs. delegate functions of representation. My understanding of a trustee is that it is someone in a position of power deciding what is best without a direct mandate. In other words, someone who is carrying out the wishes of the constituents when feasible, as well as acting motivated by what he or she feels or thinks is in the best interest of the community as a whole. A delegate function, on the other hand, is one that mandates representation of the constituency. A delegate serves to enact the wishes of those people he/she represents in participation in the development of laws, policies and in leadership. English philosopher John Locke viewed the power of the legislature as the most basic and important branch of government. The theory behind the legislature is that it will enact laws that will allocate values for society. The legislature works to makes laws, educate, represent, supervise, and make criticisms of the government. Most of the work of the United States Legislature is done in committee, where the real power of the legislature is held. Most legislation originates in governmental departments and agencies. In committees, a majority vote decides and often, compromise must be reached in order for a bill or law to survive committee action. This frequently requires that a delegate alter his position in order to achieve a compromise. This compromise may or may not reflect the wishes of the people he/she represents. Modern Bureaucracy in the United States serves to administer, gather information, conduct investigations, regulate, and license. Once set up, a bureaucracy is inherently conservative. The reason the bureaucracy was initiated may n...

Friday, November 22, 2019

A strategic analysis of Proctor and Gamble

A strategic analysis of Proctor and Gamble The path that leads them to achieve their goals every company has to follow And objectives which could be achievable by research, reexamine, data analysis, planning and carrying out. And to do all these, a business concern has to implement certain tools to fig out the existing scheme or and to do all these, a business organization concern has to implement certain tools to fig out the existing scheme. This procedure known by strategic analysis, acts like a light house to the organizations. Proctor & Gamble is one of the pioneer names in the consumer commodity epoch. They have been reigning in this sector for last 173 old age with rely. This written report is produced to review their strategic position and this report is produced to reexamine their strategic position PURPOSE AND PREFACE: Understanding of the environment in which an organization is operating strategic analysis is a theoretically informed, Of the organizations interaction with its environment in order to ameliorate orga nizational efficiency together with an understanding and Effectiveness by increasing the organizations capacity to deploy and effectualness by increasing the organizations capacity to deploy. Strategically added value to the carrying out of a concrete scheme to gain sustainable competitive advantage by analyzing. This report is carry owed to applying appropriate tools of strategic analysis to appraise ‘Proctor & Gamble’s Industrial environment and fig out the competitive position and operational. Proctor & Gamble Of their wide ambit of consumer commodity an American company which is globally renowned because HISTORY OF â€Å"Proctor & Gamble† Nearly serving the human beings for about 173 old. 4 billion consumer’s in the globe today where about 135,000 people are working for them they are serving and P&G has their own organization system in 80 countries in globe. They acquired the biggest broadened manpower in the human beings where about 140 nationalities people are working for them PROCTOR AND GAMBLE – BACKGROUND In 1887 they came up wad Innovation of earnings sharing program and later 1940’s they started carrying outs of consumer relations department. And in 1980’s IN the consumer relations department carrying out of e mail and IN 2002 they Developing feminine aggrandizes â€Å"naturella’ and later 2005 they came up around the high globally frequence stores. METHODLOGY In various fashion strategic analysis differs. But the various ascribes that are commonly accepted are as follows. -To formulation of scheme relevant data identification that is related. -Internal environment and analyzing the external. In the analysis different methods that are applied. -To apply to analyze the organization are as follows different methods that’s going to be SWOT Analysis Ansoff matrix. Generic strategies Value chain The uses of these analytical strategic tools will be used later on to see the organization’ s trading operations and the applies of these analytical strategic tools will be used later on to see the organization’s operations Proctor and gamble – swot analysis: Swot analysis is the strategic tools to understand the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and menaces of an organization or dweeb analysis is the strategic tools to understand the strength, failings, chances and menaces of an organization. Swot analysis of proctor and gamble are as follows:

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Curriculum Review Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Curriculum Review Project - Assignment Example The curriculum map acts as a tool for enhancement of communication within the parents and communities in connection to the curriculum and everything that is covered by the teacher. This possible as the curriculum map provides forums where parents and teachers can meet and discuss the teaching progress. Education experts have acknowledged that this process is yielding better results since parents and the community feel they are part of the teaching strategy. When a teacher is choosing a lesson topic, he can utilize the curriculum map by gathering data on what the topic entails. The teacher then critically analyzes the information and then combines the group review after which the he decides on the areas that can be revised immediately (Hale, 2008). The changes and extensions in the curriculum map offers students with the appropriate channels for getting the contents. This helps in development of the teaching materials for equipping the students with the necessary skills. Diverse learning methods and abilities may also contribute to how learners demonstrate they have mastery of ideas. The curriculum map will incorporate diverse activities for different levels and learning methods. The goal to differentia technique is getting to identify how students can present their learning to meet the essential specific needs (Kallick, 2009). The critical role of the curriculum mapping is to design a curriculum that will that will consider the choices of young people on their learning so that they prepare for unknown future (Lyle, 2006). Curriculum mapping should identify gaps, misalignments and redundancies in the curriculum and instructional program. The aim for this is to support the work of the teachers and assist the learners. Curriculum planning has also helped in reducing bulk and crowding in the curriculum. The process of curriculum planning entails the recording of curriculum data that points out the centre skills and the content taught

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

The Meaning of Family Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Meaning of Family - Research Paper Example One can choose company, not family. Although in the most liberalist view, people cohabiting say that they form a family, yet it is nothing more than a group of people living together. Thus, company is often confused with family, though the two are quite different fundamentally. This can be attributed to the fact that people in company often take one another’s care, care being one of the essentials of the family. â€Å"Family, is essentially, made of those people who look after, who play a crucial role in our upbringing and who teach us those lessons in life, which can never be learned through any school or text book† (Gaikwad). Different people interpret the meaning of family differently, thus limiting it or not to blood relations (â€Å"Meaning of family†). People in one family share common values, norms and culture. Younger ones gain inspiration from the elderly, be they parents or older siblings. Members of a family share good and bad times with one another. F amily is the source of moral and emotional support for individuals in times of distress. Works Cited: Gaikwad, Mukta. â€Å"Meaning of Family.† 2011. Web. 19 July 2011. . Kimani, Anthony K. â€Å"Influence of Family Structure on Juvenile Deliquency.† University of Nairobi. 2010. Web. 19 July 2011.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Calorimetry Essay Example for Free

Calorimetry Essay The purpose of this experiment was to find the specific heat formation of magnesium oxide by combining the two heat reactants using Hess’s Law. The purpose was also to measure the delta T which was the final temperature minus the initial temperature of the solution. The claim made was, based on the expected heat formation value found in magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid, the experimental enthalpy was much closer to the expected value in comparison the magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid. The equations used in this experiment were 1. MG(s)+2HCl(aq)= MgCl2(aq)+ H2(g) 2. MgO(s)+2HCl(aq)=MgCl(aq)+H2O(l) 3. H2(g) +1/2O2(g)=H2O(l). We combined the listed equations we cancelled certain values using Hess’s Law to form magnesium oxide, Mg(s)+1/2O2(aq)=MgO(s). The experimental heat formation of magnesium oxide is -467.684 kJ/mol. Based on the results found, using the correlation coefficient (R2) and the maximum value of temperature final (which was found to be 70.934) we found the correlation between the trend lines (expected) to the experimental. Based on the data found this information supported our claim. There may have been several errors in the experiment one error may have been the lack of recording on time, meaning the stop watch was started later in the reaction. Another reason for error was the lack of taking the first trials measurement forcing us to estimate a mass which through off the results of the experiment in a whole. The final reason for error was not all of the magnesium oxide that was measured was experimented. These error sources listed above, may cause numerous problems for example the estimated mass for the first trial cause the results to skew, giving us a large error percentage of -21% if this trial was taken out the error percentage would be much lower. The stop watch did not start at the same time of the experiment which may cause an increase in the error percentage as well; due to this fault the temperature final would be much higher. The last error was the loss of product (magnesium oxide); this interfered with the experiment for the reason that based on what was expected (-601.24 kJ/mol) and what was experimented -141.990 kJ/mol was a much lower value.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

International Institutions and Nuclear Proliferation: The Dependence on

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) that took effect in 1968 was the landmark of international cooperation during the Cold War. As of 2015, there are 190 nations as parties to the treaty with four abstentions and one withdrawal. While the cooperative importance of this treaty cannot be understated, it is not the only International Institution that has a prominent place in the non-proliferation, disarmament and nuclear safety realm. The question isn’t whether these institutions are necessary in the international community, but how effective these Non-Governmental Organizations and institutions are in an international community dominated by sovereign nations. These institutions may have member states or they may be a transnational cooperative based on private/public funding and have obtained authority by its actions and/or the support of sovereign states. In order to argue the merits of this diverse range of NGOs and international institutio ns in nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament and safety, I will look at the NPT and briefly at its custodial body, the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), the EU Non-Proliferation Consortium and finally the IAEA, or the International Atomic Energy Agency. In order to judge the effectiveness of these organizations, I will analyze their mandate, their operational flexibility and their authority in certain cases, such as the ongoing Syrian Crisis, the nuclear situation in Iran, and finally recent pressures in the Middle East with regards to the NPT, namely the relationship between Israel and nearby Arab states. The NPT has been the called the most binding non-proliferation agreement in existence and has influenced all national and interna... ...-547. â€Å"About ISIS,† Institute for Science and International Security, accessed November 5, 2013, http://isis-online.org/about/. Patrick Migliorini et al., â€Å"Iranian Breakout Estimates, Updated September 2013,† Institute for Science and International Security, October 24, 2013, accessed November 5, 2013, http://isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/Breakout_Study_Summary_24October2013.pdf: 1. Richard Engel and Robert Windrem, â€Å"Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran’s nuclear scientists, US officials tell NBC News,† NBC News, accessed November 4, 2013, http://rockcenter.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/02/09/10354553-israel-teams-with-terror-group-to-kill-irans-nuclear-scientists-us-officials-tell-nbc-news. Ian Johnstone, â€Å"US-UN Relations after Iraq: The End of the World (Order) As We Know It?† European Journal of International Law, 15(4) (2004): 814.

Monday, November 11, 2019

The Lady from Lucknow

Stereotypes and racism are all around us, many times affecting what we do and how we act. Quite often however, we do not realize the impact that they have on others and even ourselves. Bharati Mukherjee's short story, â€Å"The Lady From Lucknow† is about Nafeesa Hafeez, a young woman who moves from Lucknow, a city in India, to America with her husband and family. Although they are well off, Nafeesa struggles to enjoy her life and fit in with the world around her. Nafeesa then meets James Beamish, an older, married man, and the two have an affair.I will argue that Nafessa's suicide is caused by the varying degrees of racism that she experiences through her numerous attempts to assimilate in this new country and be recognized as an equal to others. Nafeesa first encountered James Beamish and his wife, Kate, at a reception for foreign students where both the Beamishs and the Hafeezs would play host to an international student. While the Beamishs were trying to find the student t o whom they would host, Nafeesa decided to strike up a conversation with them.Kate however mistakes Nafeesa as just another student and says to her, â€Å"I hope you'll be very happy here. Is this your first time abroad? † (Mukherjee 323). Each host wears a blue name tag to differentiate them from the students, and Kate could clearly see this, yet she still assumed that because Nafeesa was Indian that she was just a student. Kate continued to talk down to Nafeesa, and refused to accept her as an equal. After this initial meeting, Nafeesa and James continue to meet in secrecy, engaging in an affair.While at James' house one day, she was looking at pictures of his daughters and realized that she was more worried and afraid about what they would think about her than, â€Å"any violence in my [Nafeesa] husband's heart† (Mukherjee 326). The woman is so desperate to find belonging that she is more worried about what complete strangers will think of her, than how her husband will feel when he discovers what she is doing. One day while Nafeesa and James are together, Kate comes home unexpectedly and catches the two of them together.Instead of getting mad or yelling, Kate instead sits on the bed next to Nafessa. The look that Kate gives Nafeesa is what hurts her most, for it made her feel like she was, â€Å"a shadow without dept or colour, a shadow temptress who would float back to a city of teeming millions when the affair with James had ended† (Mukherjee 327). Nafeesa feels absolutely invisible to Kate. Despite having just caught the woman sleeping with her husband, Kate still looks down on Nafeesa as though she will never be her equal.Nafessa eventually is unable to deal with the pain she feels from living in this invisible state any longer and hangs herself. Her constant attempts to be viewed as equal, and the racism she battles in society while wanting nothing more than to fit in, push her over the limit and lead to her taking her own life. W orks Cited Mukherjee, Bharati. â€Å"The Lady from Lucknow. † 1985. Elements of Literature. Fourth Canadian Edition, Eds Robert Scholes et al. Don Mills: OU Press, 2010. 321- 327. Print.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Infections That Are Caused By Pathogens

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens. They are specialised to infect the human body tissues where they reproduce and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is very good at repairing itself as the body fights back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection.Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellar or toxic mechanismhere are some of the zones in the body showing how pathogens cause infections and diseasePathogenic microorganisms can be spread from person to person in a number of ways. Not all pathogens use all the available routes. For example, the influenza virus is transmitted from person to person through the air, typically via sneezing or coughing. But the virus is not transmitted via water. In contrast, Escherichia coli is readily transmitted via water, food, and blood, but is not readily transmitted via air or the bite of an insect.While routes of transmission vary for different pathogens, a given pathogen will use a given route of transmission. This has been used in the weaponisation of pathogens. The best-known example is anthrax. The bacterium that causes anthrax—Bacillus anthraces—can form an environmentally hardy form called a spore. The spore is very small and light.Pathogenic microorganisms can grow on currents of air and can be breathed into the lungs, where the bacteria resume growth and swiftly cause a serious and often fatal form of anthrax. ï » ¿Infections That Are Caused By Pathogens Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens. They are specialised to infect the human body tissues where they reproduce and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is very good at repairing itself as the body fights back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection.Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellar or toxic mechanism  here are some of the zones in the body showing how pathogens cause infections and disease.Pathogenic microorganisms can be spread from person to person in a number of ways. Not all pathogens use all the available routes. For example, the influenza virus is transmitted from person to person through the air, typically via sneezing or coughing. But the virus is not transmitted via water. In contrast, Escherichia coli is readily transmitted via water, food, and blood, but is not readily transmitted via air or the bite of an insect.While routes of transmission vary for different pathogens, a given pathogen will use a given route of transmission. This has been used in the weaponisation of pathogens. The best-known example is anthrax. The bacterium that causes anthrax—Bacillus anthraces—can form an environmentally hardy form called a spore. The spore is very small and light.Pathogenic microorganisms can grow on currents of air and can be breathed into the lungs, where the bacteria resume growth and swiftly cause a serious and often fatal form of anthrax.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Companies Damage Control

Companies Damage Control Introduction Through the process of globalization markets around the world are experiencing a greater degree of interconnectivity resulting in a far more efficient process of global capital flows and resource allocation. In other words resources from one area in the world can now be allocated to another area in the world in a faster, cheaper and more efficient way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Companies’ Damage Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is an important factor to take into consideration due to the fact that as the green movement progresses within the U.S. and new forms of legislation are enacted to force companies to comply with stricter environmental standards this creates a distinctly unfriendly business environment for companies to continue operations in. Why do Companies Outsource? When factoring in the high cost of American labor, high local and government taxes as well as higher uti lity cost expenditure as compared to that in other countries it becomes obvious as to why companies are outsourcing their business processing and manufacturing sectors to locations such as China, the Philippines and India. In such locations not only is the minimum wage lower but utility expenditure is cheaper, local environmental laws are more lax and companies are able to be more flexible in terms of how they want their operations to grow and develop. Implications Unfortunately the long term implications of the outsourcing movement is a decrease in the American manufacturing sector as more and more jobs go to foreign countries. Also it must be noted that there are environmental implications that should be taken into consideration since the reason why the green movement has become so prevalent in the U.S. is related to the fact that it is often the case that unregulated and unrestricted manufacturing processes often result in adverse impacts on the local environment. As noted in the case of China and India where a majority of outsourced manufacturing has been going, it was seen that between the 1990s to the present the level of toxic chemicals in the air and water has increased exponentially due to the rather lax environmental standards for the disposal of industrial waste during the manufacturing process.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate Social Responsibility What must be understood is that while companies are not directly liable for activities before particular laws have been enacted against them all companies should at least follow a certain degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) during normal business processes. CSR is a way in which a company limits its actions in order to comply with certain ethical standards and principles, the goal of which is a positive impact on the local community and environment (KRENG MAY-YAO, 2011). The reason behind this is connected to the way in which a company is perceived by consumers which results in either a positive or negative company image which will impact consumer patronage of a companys products and services. Thus, it can be seen that in cases where there is a necessity to perform a certain degree of due diligence in cases where a company has to fix a problem when certain laws prohibit particular actions then under CSR a company must do so in order to maintain a positive public image. Conclusion As such, in the case of damage control in the case presented what will be done is for the company to immediately take responsibility and fix the problem under the tenets of CSR however based on the possibility of future problems such as this surfacing in the future it would be recommended that the companys manufacturing facilities be transferred to locations abroad where environmental regulation laws are less strict so as to prevent future regulation problems from oc curring. Reference Kreng, V. B., May-Yao, H. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility: Consumer Behavior, Corporate Strategy, And Public Policy. Social  Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 39(4), 529-541.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Article Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Article Review - Research Paper Example The author clearly states an explicit thesis and has a specific point of view; the impact of juvenile drug courts on drug use and criminal behavior. What prompted the researchers to carry out this study is that there is very limited literature that supports the effectiveness of the juvenile drug courts (JDC). Therefore, the study was aimed to fill in the gap on the effectiveness of JDCs. The audiences for the article include criminal justice agencies, teachers, parents, young children and youths, psychologists, law enforcement agents, and medical practitioners. The article is organized into an abstract, introduction, study objectives, methodology, results, discussion and analysis, and conclusion. The article’s abstract provides a summary of the study. The juvenile drug courts have adopted the models together with philosophy of courts for adults, however, their successes in bringing down drug addiction together with juvenile deliquency have been mixed. The research study made comparisons on juvenile drug courts with youths receiving standard probation on alcohol and other drugs to criminal re-offences 3 to 30 months after the youths had served the juvenile drug court’s probation. The study uses a quasi-experimental design. The participants included youth who participated in either probation (596) or JDC (622) between 2003 and 2007. The study results found out that probation and JDC youth did not differ significantly on alcohol and other drugs offending. Contrarily, the JDC juveniles had statistically significant fewer delinque nt crimes in contrast to those on probation, with the difference between the groups widening with extended follow-up periods. The authors start by providing a background information on JDCs. This enables the readers to have a background knowledge of the study. Various interventions have been used to address juvenile delinquency. The most common strategy in the juvenile justice system is punishment that is

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Philo 110 2nd midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philo 110 2nd midterm - Essay Example Most motorists believe that the majority of speed limits set by the Congress are usually below the average speed of traffic. The Congress usually set recommendable speed limits, on the federal highways, in order to protect innocent people from perishing in road accidents since every highway death is a regrettable death. Therefore, the key purpose of setting higher speed limits of 55 miles per hour is not to kill innocent citizens, but to provide a reasonable balance between convenience and safety. However, even with the set speed limits, people usually fall victims of highway accidents on a daily basis. Therefore, if Congress is aware that its set speed limits still leads to increased highway accidents and death, then it should be considered as a murder. Likewise, there is no need, for the Congress, to set speed limit at 45 miles per hour since it will not reduce road accidents with any significant amount, but it will only increase a driver’s violation of speed limit. I, there fore, agree with Lackey that such an action should be perceived as murder, and Congress should adopt more comprehensive actions to address this problem effectively. In defending and understanding of Preferential Treatment Programs, Wasserstrom bases his arguments on a statement â€Å"We are still living in a society in which a person’s race, his or her blackness rather than whiteness, is a socially significant and important category† (Shaw 350). Wasserstrom argues that preferential treatment programs are necessities in any society because they help in making the social condition of life less racially oppressive and unjust, and it also help in the equal distribution of national resources and opportunities. Additionally, such programs help people to realize their desirable aims and objectives without violating an individual’s rights, taking an impermissible character into account, denying other people what they deserve, and treating other people fairly. I agree wi th Wasserstrom’s perception because racism is one form of social discriminations that most societies are currently fighting to abolish. Preferential treatments are presumptively acceptable in any society because they work to fight the system of racial oppression, which is still in place, but it should not be, and their significance can only be relevant once they are fully adopted and integrated, in the society. I, therefore, agree with Wasserstrom that the preferential treatment programs should only be perceived as unjust if the constitute part of the larger system of racial oppression. John Isbister is determined to establish the meaning of justice in relation to economic and social fairness, in the context of boundaries of capitalism. He takes a practical approach about some significant questions about social and economic justice. For example, he argues â€Å"The greatest injustice of unregulated, free-market capitalism is that it provides for only some of the people and e xcludes others† (Shaw 386). I agree with Isbister that free-market capitalism is a means of benefiting the developed countries and exploiting the developing countries. Free-market capitalism has accumulated global wealth into one market, which has sent different nations to fight for their share. This implies that in order to obtain a significant share, a country has to have a significant amount of resources and